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  • Explore the Eras
    • Affirming Judicial Independence (1801–1835)
    • Rights, Commerce, and Reform (1874–1921)
    • Incorporating Rights (1953–1969)
  • Hometowns Program
  • Educator Resources
    • Teaching the Judicial Branch
    • Teaching the Eras
    • Three Branches Institute
    • Supreme Court Summer Institute
    • Landmark Cases

Eighth Amendment

1 results
  • William J. Brennan Jr.

    Life Story

    The first-generation American who served as an Army Colonel in World War II, became a reform-minded New Jersey judge, and was a consensus builder on the Supreme Court

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  • Advocate

  • Circuit

  • A page of the New York Times displays the text

    First Amendment

  • Seven Black men, all dressed in suits, wait in line to board the front of a bus after the decision in Browder v. Gayle.

    Fourteenth Amendment

  • Landmark Case

  • Native Americans

  • Selective Incorporation

  • Supreme Court

    Voting

  • Women

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