Glossary

Necessary and Proper Clause

Gives Congress the power to expand federal authority into areas not specifically cited in the Constitution as long as it is essential.

Nepotism

The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, or associates, especially by giving them jobs.

New Deal

a series of public programs and reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration between 1933 and 1938 in response to the Great Depression

Nineteenth Amendment

declared that the right to vote cannot be denied based on sex

Nullification

The process of canceling a law by the federal government.

Nuremberg Trials

a series of criminal trials between 1945 and 1949 prosecuting German officials and other individuals accused of Nazi war crimes

Opinion

The formal, written result of a case by a judge or judicial panel which resolves a legal dispute.

Opinion of the Court

An opinion joined by a majority of the justices explaining the legal basis for the Court’s decision and regarded as binding precedent in future decisions.

Opinions

The formal, written result of a case by a judge or judicial panel which resolves a legal dispute.

Oral Advocates

An attorney who presents legal briefs and arguments at an appellate level.